English Middle Test _ Ida Ike Rahayu _ 11410093

LEADERSHIP

Ida Ike Rahayu _ 11410093

وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنَا وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فِعْلَ الْخَيْرَاتِ وَإِقَامَ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءَ

الزَّكَاةِ ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا عَابِدِينَ

The definition is :

We have made them as leaders who guide by Our command, and We have revealed it to, they did the service, establish worship and pay the obligatory charity, and only to We're the guys they have always worshiped, (al-Anbiya '73).

A.    Definition of Leadership

v  Islamic Perspective, leadership is  "Imamat"

Accourding Imam Al Mawardi (kitab Al Ahkam al Sutaniyah)

“Imamah” mean position kholifah nubuwah, substitute the prophet to keep religion and politics that are worldly.

Menurut Imam Al Haramain

“Imamah” is the whole nature of leadership and leadership related to matters of a general nature and is specialized in religion and world affairs.

v  Psychology

-          Leadership is is the process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts to achieve a predetermined goal. [William G.Scott (1962)].

-          Leadership is is a process of pushing through the successful interaction of individual differences, controls human resources in pursuit of common goals. [P. Pigors (1935)].

B.     Theory of Leadership

Leadership theories discuss how one becomes a leader, or how the emergence of a leader. There are several theories about leadership. According Adam Ibrahim Indrawijaya (199 3:132 -133). "There are basically two theories of leadership, the trait theory (traits theory) and the theory situational (situational theory)", Wursanto (2004:197) stated that there are six leadership theory, namely excess theory, trait theory, the theory of descent, the theory charismatic , the theory of talent, and social theory, while Miftah Thoha categorized into; trait theory, group theory, theory situational, contingency leadership models and theory-purpose lane (path-goal theory).

One of the theories above, I will say little about Social Theory and Trait or trait Theory :

š Social theory

Assume that basically everyone can be a leader. Every person has the talent to be a leader as long as he was given a chance. Each person can be trained to be a leader because of the leadership can be learned, either through formal education or through practical experience (Wursanto, 2003: 200).

š Trait’s theory

Basically the same as the theoretical advantages. This theory states that a person can be a good leader if it has properties that more than led. Besides having advantages in ratio, mentally and physically, a leader should have positive traits, like protecting, self-confident, full of initiative, have charm, energetic, persuasive, communicative and creative. (Wursanto, 2003: 198)

C.    Analysis and comment

Humans are social creatures who can’t live alone. Man' are always interacting with each other and with the environment. Humans live in groups either in large groups or in small groups. Living in groups is certainly not easy. To create a harmonious living conditions group members must respect each other and appreciate. Regularity of life needs to be maintained. Regular life is the dream of every man. Creating and maintaining a harmonious life is a human task.

Human beings are God's highest creation of God than others. Man in a boon ability to think, the ability to pick and choose which ones are good and which are bad. With the advantages that people should be able to manage their environment properly. Not only the environment that need to be managed properly, social life of men is be managed properly. For that required qualified human resources. Resources spirited leader, at least to lead themselves. With a spirited leader of men will be able to manage themselves, the group and the environment well. Particularly in response to a relatively complicated and difficult. So this is where the wisdom of a leader amnesia required to make decisions so that problems can be resolved.

As explained in the paragraph above, that:
(We have made them some of the leaders) can be read A-immatan or Ayimmatan, the leader who set an example in goodness (hint) to humans (with the order we) give directions to them to embrace We (and We revealed to them did the service, establish regular prayers, practice regular charity) should they and the people who follow them do all that. Ha letter of pronunciation Iqaamah discarded in order to alleviate the sound, making it Iqaamash Shalaati not Iqaamatish Shalaati (and only to We' are the guys they have always worshiped).

D.    As an example of the Quran replies to every man who works good / evil then all will get something in return. [Al Maida ayat 12]

لَئِنْ مَعَكُمْ إِنِّى ٱللَّهُ وَقَالَ نَقِيبًا عَشَرَ ٱثْنَىْ مِنْهُمُ وَبَعَثْنَا إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ بَنِىٓ مِيثَٰقَ ٱللَّهُ أَخَذَ وَلَقَدْ

  حَسَنًا قَرْضًا ٱللَّهَ وَأَقْرَضْتُمُ تُمُوهُمْ بِرُسُلِى وَءَامَنتُم ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَءَاتَيْتُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ أَقَمْتُمُ

ذَٰلِكَ بَعْدَ كَفَرَ فَمَن ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ تَحْتِهَا مِن تَجْرِى جَنَّٰتٍ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّكُمْ سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمْ عَنكُمْ لَّأُكَفِّرَنَّ

ٱلسَّبِيلِ سَوَآءَ ضَلَّ فَقَدْ مِنكُمْ 

The meaning is

And verily Allah has taken a covenant (of) the Children of Israel and We lift them twelve leaders and Allah says: "Surely I am with you, Except ye prayers and practice regular charity, and faith of the apostles, and ye help them and you lend to Allah a good loan behold, I will remove your sins. and ye shall I put into the paradise it flowing rivers. If anyone among you who disbelieve after that, indeed he has strayed from the path straight.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Al Quran dan Tafsir Jalalen

Surat Al  al-Anbiya '73.

Surat Al Maida ayat 12.

http://id.shvoong.com/humanities/religion-studies/2171993-pengertian-imamah-imaroh-khilafah

http://www.scribd.com/doc/82742764/Kepemimpinan-Dlm-Perspektif-Psikologi