Leadership_SRI LAILA TANZILA (11410080)
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73. We have made them as leaders who guide by Our command, and We have revealed
it to, they did the service, establish worship and pay the obligatory charity, and
we were the only to they have always worshiped.
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26. Hi Daud, We have made you
khalifah (leadership) in the
earth, then give a
decision (case) among men with justice and do not follow the passions, because it
will mislead you from the way of Allah. Indeed, those who go astray darin
way of Allah will have a severe punishment
because they forgot the day of reckoning.
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59. Hi people who believed, obey Allah and obey the Prophet, and ulil amri among
you. then if you're different opinion about something, then restore it to God (Al
Quran) and Prophet (Sunnah), if you truly believe in Allah and the Last Day. Such
it is good (advantageous) and better in the end.
Leaders
and leadership are daily issues in social life, organizational / attempted,
state and nation. Progress and setbacks communities, organizations, businesses,
nations and Megara is influenced by its leaders. Therefore, a number of
theories and kepemimpinanpun leaders emerged and growing.
Islam
as a mercy to all mankind, has put the issue of leaders and leadership as one
of the key issues in teaching. The importance of leaders and leadership need to
be understood and internalized by every Muslim-majority country's citizens are
Muslim, although Indonesia is not an Islamic state.
8 Theories Leadership Major
Interest
in leadership increased during the early part of the twentieth century. Early
leadership theories focused on what qualities distinguished between leaders and
followers, while subsequent theories looked at other variables such as
situational factors and skill levels. While many different leadership theories
have emerged, most can be classified as one of eight major types:
1. "Great Man" Theories:
Great man
theories assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent – that
great leaders are born, not made. These theories often portray great leaders as
heroic, mythic and destined to rise to leadership when needed. The term
"Great Man" was used because, at the time, leadership was thought of
primarily as a male quality, especially in terms of military leadership. Learn
more about the great man
theory of leadership.
2. Trait Theories:
Similar
in some ways to "Great Man" theories, trait
theories assume that people inherit certain qualities and traits
that make them better suited to leadership. Trait theories often identify
particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. If
particular traits are key features of leadership, then how do we explain people
who possess those qualities but are not leaders? This question is one of the
difficulties in using trait theories to explain leadership.
3. Contingency Theories:
Contingency
theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment
that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for
the situation. According to this theory, no leadership style is best in all
situations. Success depends upon a number of variables, including the
leadership style, qualities of the followers and aspects of the situation.
4. Situational Theories:
Situational
theories propose that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational
variables. Different styles of leadership may be more appropriate for certain
types of decision-making. For example, in a situation where the leader is the
most knowledgeable and experienced member of a group, an authoritarian
style might be most appropriate. In other instances where group
members are skilled experts, a democratic
style would be more effective.
5. Behavioral Theories:
Behavioral
theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made,
not born. Rooted in behaviorism,
this leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders not on mental
qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can learn
to become leaders through teaching and observation.
6. Participative Theories:
Participative
leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes
the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and
contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and
committed to the decision-making process. In participative theories, however,
the leader retains the right to allow the input of others.
7. Management Theories:
Management
theories, also known as transactional
theories, focus on the role of supervision, organization and group
performance. These theories base leadership on a system of rewards and
punishments. Managerial theories are often used in business; when employees are
successful, they are rewarded; when they fail, they are reprimanded or
punished. Learn more about theories of transactional
leadership.
8. Relationship Theories:
Relationship
theories, also known as transformational theories, focus upon the connections formed
between leaders and followers. Transformational
leaders motivate and inspire people by helping group members see the
importance and higher good of the task. These leaders are focused on the
performance of group members, but also want each person to fulfill his or her
potential. Leaders with this style often have high ethical and moral standards.
Examples of Leadership
Business owners
are one of the most common types of leaders.
Leadership comes in many forms.
Within a business, both formal and informal leaders emerge to shape and
influence its growth and operations. Owners of small and growing businesses
have to keep an open eye and mind -- both looking for ways to harness leadership
potential and to prevent unexpected forms of leadership that may be
counterproductive to a business' health and functioning.
Owners
Business owners and founders are
often leaders in small to medium-sized businesses. Because they are frequently
entrepreneurs bringing their vision to life and working for their own success
-- rather than just passive investors -- owners are natural leaders. After all,
one of the reasons people go into business is to become their own boss -- and
perhaps the boss of others. At the same time, not every business owner has
management experience or training; some take management courses and seek
professional advice to become effective leaders.
Managers
Mid-level managers are also
important leaders -- especially in small businesses. As a business grows,
owners realize they can't do everything or work all the time. That's when
hiring managers to help oversee various aspects of operation becomes necessary.
The sales manager of a family-owned car dealership is an important figure in
setting employee culture and approach to business. Similarly, the weekend
manager of a dry cleaner may be the only face some customers ever see. Her
attitude and manner are critical to her business' reputation.
Informal Leaders
Smart business owners know that
the quality of their teams is critical to success. Sometimes, particularly
knowledgeable staff members become informal leaders -- people to whom everyone
else turns. It may be that they're effective problem-solvers or affable with
customers or have a particular technical expertise. Owners can seize the
opportunity presented by a natural leader by harnessing her abilities and
taking maximum advantage of her skills.
Project Leaders
Businesses can develop
employees' skills by allowing them short-term leadership roles. Taking charge
of special projects or organizing presentations and events are ways to give
employees extra responsibility within a limited context. As people become
effective in limited objective leadership roles, they may be able to take on
larger responsibilities and roles -- making them ideal for later advancement.
Companies often use this method to develop future leaders, preparing for
succession, turnover and growth.
Referensi
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