Leadership in Psychology and Islam Perspective
by : Berlian Ayu R.11410042
1.
Ayat Al-Qur’an about Leadership
Al-Baqarah : 127
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُواْ لَوْ أَنَّ لَنَا كَرَّةً فَنَتَبَرَّأَ
مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَبَرَّؤُواْ مِنَّا كَذَلِكَ يُرِيهِمُ اللّهُ
أَعْمَالَهُمْ حَسَرَاتٍ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا هُم بِخَارِجِينَ مِنَ النَّارِ
"And those who followed would say: "If only We had one more chance,
We would clear ourselves of them, as they have cleared themselves of
us." Thus will Allah show them (The fruits of) their deeds as (nothing
but) regrets. Nor will there be a way for them out of the Fire."
Al-Anbiya' : 73
وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَهْدُونَ
بِأَمْرِنَا وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فِعْلَ الْخَيْرَاتِ وَإِقَامَ
الصَّلاةِ وَإِيتَاءَ الزَّكَاةِ وَكَانُوا لَنَا عَابِدِي
"We have made them as leaders who guide by Our command, and We revealed to them to continue to work on virtue, prayers, practice regular charity, and only to We're the guys they always serve."
2.
Definition of leadership :
Psychology
perspective
Leadership
is a form of
way or ability of
a leader to lead of
their employees, or it can also
mean, a person's ability to
influence others, so everyone else
is expected to behave as he wants. Leadership
is a process of
influencing others, where leaders
to involve subordinates with their own desires
and abilities who
are trying to achieve organizational goals.Leadership is a trait
which is owned by an individual with all
the ability to lead the group
members. It is mean that being able to drive people and
hang out with the group, so that people do not
feel forced to do
or didn’t do the desired action as a leader.
Al-Qur’an
perspective
Leadership
in Islam is the ability or the person’s way in
implementing the tasks, organize lead
and bring people
to the truly way, and responsible for all beliefs
to it by giving solutions
and advice as
well as a role model for many
people that is based on Islamic valuesare Al-quran and hadist. Leadership in Islam not only as a matter of
pride, but rather the mandate and responsibilities in the implementation, both are responsible for themselves and other people and most of all the coverage answer
to god. Then a leader in Islam should
be able to become good role
models, both words and utterance
as a form of sign
realization in everyday
life.
3.
Leadership and the theory
Leadership problems are
a problem that has
been around since human was
born in a group,
the group has appeared in a issues of
leadership which is owned by every
person of us. The psychology of
a human being was has no leadership
talent that needs to be geared up, with such efforts so the form of leadership would be seem.
In minor human
himself has become a leader with all his
abilities and goals can change his future life
that begins now.
Leadership Theory :
1.
According
to the Nature of Leadership Theory
Basic: the
success of a leader is determined by the properties, temperament or characteristics
possessed by that person. These properties can be
physical properties and psychologically :
a.
Ordway
Tead
Nature
of the leader consists of: physical-spiritual energy, the certainty the intent
and direction of purpose, enthusiasm or attention, friendly hearted, full of a
sense of friendship and sincerity, integrity or rounded individual, technical skills,
teaching skills, loyalty.
b. Chester I Barnard
Related to the
nature of his personal leadership consisting of properties physical, skill,
technology, perception, knowledge, memory and imagination. Personal nature have
a subjective character, the excellence of a leaders in the faith
(determination), persistence (persistence), durability (endurance) and courage
(courage).
c.
Ralph
Stodgill
The properties
consist of a leader:
Capacity : intelligence, alertness,
verbal facility, originality and ability to assess
Achievement: degree, knowledge, success in sport
Responsibility: self-reliance, initiative, persistence, aggressiveness,
believe self, the desire to excel
Participation: active, sociable, cooperative, easy adjust, humorous
Situation: mental level, status, skills, needs, interest of followers,
objectives
2.
According
Leadership Behavior Theory
Leader
behaviors tend to two things, there are :
a.
Consideration,
which tend to be in the interests of subordinate leaders. He type of leader who is friendly, supportive and defend, to consult,
listen to subordinates, subordinates accept the proposal, thinking welfare of
subordinates and treat subordinates with the same level himself.
b.
Initiating
Structure, where leaders tend to be concerned with purpose organization. He is
the type of leader who likes to critique the implementation work tasks are ugly,
emphasizing the importance of deadlines implementation tasks to subordinates,
always tell nothing subordinates to be done, always giving guidance on how perform
a task, given specific standards on the job, ask subordinate to always obey and
follow the established standards, and always supervise subordinates.
Roles of
Leader
Among the many
roles of a leader it can be generally classified into three types:
1. The situation
Stuching
A leader must be
able to provide information and explanations if the group is experiencing hard situation that may need illumination or explanation, it is able to provide
solutions and description of a problem to the group.
2.
Controlling Behavior group
Leaders not only
manage and direct, but also keep an eye on individuals attitude who commit or are
not aligned in order to stick to the rules that have been agreed and to achieve
those objectives.
3. Spokesman Of The
Group
A leader should be
able to as a mouthpiece and understand and explain the needs, desires and goals
of the group. To
carry out the tasks that are needed both ways, then a leader must have five
things:
a.
Capability
b.
Skills
c.
Courage
d.
Honesty
e.
Putting the public interest from private interests.
But besides that it
has the function of a leader.
1. Executive Function
A leader acting in
achieving the set objectives and is responsible for the implementation of the group
that have been agreed.
2. As a designer.
The leader is
making a plan of activities to be carried out by the group, all the things that
do bullet designed to deal with.
3. As Policy Makers.
Leader define group
policies in order to achieve those objectives.
4. As Representative
Exit
Representative
group leader is out and as a symbol of reflection properties of the group.
5. Monitoring
functions.
A leader should be
sensitive and aware of the situation and the conditions that occur in groups
and make improvements if it does not fit with the objectives to be achieved.
TYPE OF LEADER
TYPE OF LEADER
Type of leadership
can be divided into several sections, although many of the experts are still different
opinions that differentiate from a different perspective.
1. Authoritarian Leadership
The leader of the
task determines everything, all the activities of subordinates to be part of the
task and instruction it. The
leader of the group members are not involved in planning group activities. Everything
goes with his will and hard to creatively members in making new things, in the
leadership between superiors and subordinates are rare effective communication
and even less likely once.
2.
Democratic Leadership
Give a chance to
democratic leadership that led to participate and take part in the leadership
process. Here
there is cooperation between leaders and members, all group decisions are run on
the basis of mutual agreement. Leader
lay members as colleagues and not as opposed to people who are employed. Of
course it is different with the authoritarian dictatorship where democracy is
more likely to serve as a representative of the group.
3. Liberal leadership
Passive forms of
leadership, all the tasks you have in leadership and all the problems that happened
he did not participate, he's just like being outside and release group members,
he always gave them to his subordinates, never reprimand members fault, more
likely to be nice. The term word arguably complement the existing structure.
4. Analysis
In fact, many leader
can’nt follow the rules of leader. Leadership in psychology is closely related to the human soul, because since man is born already ingrained talent and willingness to lead and bring him and his group to change and evolve toward a better future, stay grinding on that talent, and in executing the way we need-good way and more precise in doing. leader is a role model for the lead. if the
leader can not be fair in any case, the people
will lose confidence in their leaders and then the
nation will be the value of the nation's fragile justice. is not impossible that the history will come leaders who will destroy the nation. In Islam a leader is needed to bring the direction and better life developed than the previous one and to achieve prosperity and happiness of the
world and the hereafter. all that has been done will be leaders held accountable in the hereafter. therefore let us cultivate high
religious value in themselves, so
that it will form a holy soul and benefit others. if leaders remain protected unjust then the nation will
not thrive. The need for change in yourself and then the environment will also change for the better.
5. Example of case
Liputan6.com, Batang: Because accused of stealing pieces of cotton crop residues belonging to a private company, the four actors are still one family arrested Police officers Rod, Navan, Central Java. The four actors named Manisih, Sri Suratmi, Juwono, and Rusnono been almost a month languishing at the Detention Rowobelang. Information obtained SCTV, Tuesday (24/11), the case began when four actors picked up the remains of a fallen cottonwood fruit harvested after a private company. As is known, the activity picked up the remnants of cotton has become a tradition that is often done by local residents. Kapok fruit also allegedly stolen amount is not much, only five kilograms or 1.5 pounds gross kapok.
6. Source
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