1. Al-Qur’an
Surat al-Baqarah : 127
2. “And (remember) when his Lord tested Ibrahim
with a few sentences (commands and prohibitions),
then he fulfilled. Allah says: "Behold, I will make you a priest for
all people". He said:
"(And please, also) from my offspring".
Allah says: "Promise Me (This) is not
about people who do
wrong".
The meaning that ayat in psychology :
“And (remember) when his Lord tested Ibrahim with
a few sentences (commands and prohibitions), then
he fulfilled. Allah says: "Behold, I will make you a leader for all people".
He said: "(And
please, also) from my offspring". Allah says: "Promise Me (This)
is not about abnormal people".”
3. There are several definitions
of leadership that each other can be complementary.
1. According to Boring, Langeveld, and Weld:
Leadership is a relationship and individuals to form a group in order to be able to accomplish some purpose.
2. According to George R. Terry:
Leadership is the activity of influencing people to voluntarily willing toward common goals a reality.
3. According to H. Goidhamer and E. A. Shils
Leadership is the act of behavior that can influence the behavior of other people they lead.
4. According Ordeway Tead
Leadership is the activity of influencing people to work together toward the goals they want conformity.
1. According to Boring, Langeveld, and Weld:
Leadership is a relationship and individuals to form a group in order to be able to accomplish some purpose.
2. According to George R. Terry:
Leadership is the activity of influencing people to voluntarily willing toward common goals a reality.
3. According to H. Goidhamer and E. A. Shils
Leadership is the act of behavior that can influence the behavior of other people they lead.
4. According Ordeway Tead
Leadership is the activity of influencing people to work together toward the goals they want conformity.
5. According to John Petivner
Leadership is the art of coordinating and directing individuals or groups to achieve a desired goal.
Trait Theory
This theory started from the premise that the success of a leader is determined by the properties, temperament or traits possessed by the leader. The properties of a physical nature and psikoplagis. On the basis of the reasoning of the opinion that to be a successful leader is determined by personal ability, which meant the quality of a person with a different nature or temperament traits in it. Therefore the experts seek to elaborate further the quality of a leader is successful in carrying out the tasks of leadership and then the results are formulated into the common traits of a leader. The effort eventually spawned and grown into leadership theory or theory of leadership traits (Miftah Thoha, Organizational Behaviour, King Grafindo PT Persada, 1983, p 278)
This theory started from the premise that the success of a leader is determined by the properties, temperament or traits possessed by the leader. The properties of a physical nature and psikoplagis. On the basis of the reasoning of the opinion that to be a successful leader is determined by personal ability, which meant the quality of a person with a different nature or temperament traits in it. Therefore the experts seek to elaborate further the quality of a leader is successful in carrying out the tasks of leadership and then the results are formulated into the common traits of a leader. The effort eventually spawned and grown into leadership theory or theory of leadership traits (Miftah Thoha, Organizational Behaviour, King Grafindo PT Persada, 1983, p 278)
Stogdill make classification a necessary trait in
a person's head as
follows:
v Capacity:
intelligence, alertness, verbal facility, originality, judgment)
v Achievement:
scholarship, knowledge, athletic achievement
v Responsibility:
dependability, initiative, persistence, aggressiveness, self-confidence, desire
to excel
v Participation:
activity, sociability, cooperation, adaptability, humor
v Status:
socioeconomic position, popularity
Classification based on the way the leader or the approach
taken by the leader, namely:
v
The Authoritarian Leadership
Authoritarian leaders define wisdom of the group, he himself makes the most of the planning, he himself fully determine the group's activities, dictate the pattern of activities among members and member relationships, making decisions on reward and punishment to members. Therefore the fate of each individual in the group is in the hands of the leader.
v Democratic leadership
Democratic leaders try to show that the maximum
involvement and participation of each member in the group activities and in
setting group goals. He tried to divide the responsibilities of its members. He
tried, encourage and strengthen the relationship between individuals throughout
the group. He also tried to reduce tensions and conflicts in the group.
v Liberal leadership
Passive leader, did not participate in group activities. He is outside the group, but the leader does not lead to release its members. Sir William Martin Conway held a leadership classification based on social roles are sung into three kinds, namely:
a. Crowd Compeller
He is the kind of leadership exercised by the person who gets the call duty to carry it out.
b. Crowd Representative
Leadership exercised temporary, ie during the period of his appointment to the post as head of the group. And that's the group that chose him as its leader.
c. Crowd Exponent
This kind of leader at the right time and needed to move the masses so intense and pointed it at the intended target goal anyway. Because leaders can guess what that feels and that became their doubts, then can move up to the expectations he really wants.
a. Crowd Compeller
He is the kind of leadership exercised by the person who gets the call duty to carry it out.
b. Crowd Representative
Leadership exercised temporary, ie during the period of his appointment to the post as head of the group. And that's the group that chose him as its leader.
c. Crowd Exponent
This kind of leader at the right time and needed to move the masses so intense and pointed it at the intended target goal anyway. Because leaders can guess what that feels and that became their doubts, then can move up to the expectations he really wants.
4. That in surah Al Baqarah verse 124 suggests that leadership and example
should be based on faith and devotion, knowledge and success in various
examinations. Therefore, leadership can not be awarded by God to those who do
wrong, the prevailing mayhem.
In this letter describes one difference that characterizes Islamic view of leadership to the views of others. Islam considers that leadership is not just a social contract, which gave birth to the promise of leaders led to serve in accordance with the agreement, as well as the observance of which led to the leader, but also have established harmonious relationship between the lead authorized by God. Janjin the form of leadership to run in accordance with the values that mandated him.
(I promised not to get the people who do wrong), shows that the acquisition of more leadership is grace, not human effort. That is why the verse states "I promised not to get the people who do wrong", in the sense that they are actively looking for a position, but rather the "promise" that a doer (subject). The promise is not met or get them.
Interpretation of Surah Al Baqarah verse 124 when connected with the Traits theory assumed that leadership depends on the character of its leaders. The properties owned by, among others, personality, physical excellence, and social skills.
(I promised not to get the people who do wrong). In this verse clearly explained that the leadership in Islam is more to the grace not to human efforts. And maybe not an unjust God chose as a leader. So it is in line with theories that assume leadership traits depends on the character of the leader. Character must be good leaders that include social aspects of personality and Traffic. Personality is owned by a leader who is certainly not unjust as stated in Surah Al Baqarah ayat 124.
In this letter describes one difference that characterizes Islamic view of leadership to the views of others. Islam considers that leadership is not just a social contract, which gave birth to the promise of leaders led to serve in accordance with the agreement, as well as the observance of which led to the leader, but also have established harmonious relationship between the lead authorized by God. Janjin the form of leadership to run in accordance with the values that mandated him.
(I promised not to get the people who do wrong), shows that the acquisition of more leadership is grace, not human effort. That is why the verse states "I promised not to get the people who do wrong", in the sense that they are actively looking for a position, but rather the "promise" that a doer (subject). The promise is not met or get them.
Interpretation of Surah Al Baqarah verse 124 when connected with the Traits theory assumed that leadership depends on the character of its leaders. The properties owned by, among others, personality, physical excellence, and social skills.
(I promised not to get the people who do wrong). In this verse clearly explained that the leadership in Islam is more to the grace not to human efforts. And maybe not an unjust God chose as a leader. So it is in line with theories that assume leadership traits depends on the character of the leader. Character must be good leaders that include social aspects of personality and Traffic. Personality is owned by a leader who is certainly not unjust as stated in Surah Al Baqarah ayat 124.
5. Tjahaya Joko Widodo and Basuki Purnama (Ahok) was sworn in as Governor and Vice Governor of Jakarta to the Indonesian capital's residents a myriad of expectations charged to their shoulders: Jakarta flood-free, jam-free, has a public service public better, and free of corruption. We all hope, that under kepimimpinan Jokowi and Ahok, Jakarta local government and related institutions can be transformed into an organization that provides the best service for the people of Jakarta. But, if Jokowi and Ahok is a leader who has a big capital to run such a huge task? In terms of psychology, we can try to answer this by dissecting the style of leadership that we have, and projected to whether "capital" was sufficient to resolve the existing problems.
Some facts are evident from Jokowi is they do not like to scold voorijder, straight down to make unannounced visits to the village offices, as well as touring in the villages to see the situation of the city. One thing that is very, very rarely done by the previous governor, a style that can be classified as Affiliative Style and Democratic. While from some impressions in social media, we see Ahok harder and often asked his men to do as you're told can be classified as Pacesetting style and authoritative.
According to Daniel Goleman, no leadership style is ideal for all situations. Mainly because Jokowi and Ahok have different audiences, therefore the two leadership styles are different. So, when we often see that as a leader, Jokowi appear more affiliative, democratic, and Ahok appear harder with Pacesetting and authoritative style of leadership is exactly what is perceived as working more effective and efficient in helping the Government of DKI Jakarta develop services and fulfill all its promises to cope with floods and traffic jams.
In conclusion, as a team Jokowi-Ahok exhibit some combination of leadership styles, while it looks contradictory, actually functions complement each other in addressing the capital which has many dimensions and be dealt with in different ways. Thus, Space Psychology pretty sure if Jokowi-Ahok constant can show what kind of performance that has been run over the years, the leadership they will provide substantial positive impact to the city of Jakarta.
REFERENCES
Al-Qur’an Digital
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